Note: The third-person conjugated form can be “hast” or “ast.” Hast is used to convey that something “exists” and is also used to indicate presence in colloquial speech. “Ast” is used to indicate presence in formal writing or correspondence. Here are a few examples:

• Jāyee keh qānoon hast, edalāt ham hast - Where there is law, there is also justice (existence)

• Dar māsheen yek shārjhar e telefon hast - There is a phone charger in the car (colloquial)

• Dar tābestoon, havā kheyli garm ast - It is very hot in the summertime (formal)

“Dāshtan” (to have) has the stem “dār”